Semantic/Declarative: linguistic memory activated by associations, similarities, and differences; it is the short-term or working memory, good for less than 15 seconds unless rehearsed, reviewed, or relearned. It can only hold discrete, finite information, called “chunks.” It is located in the cerebral cortext. It requires practice and rehearsal to keep fresh.

Procedural: also known as body-kinesthetic or motor memory, it is activated by association with physical movement, places, events, feelings, and sensory experiences. It lasts for years and has an unlimited storage capacity. It requires minimal intrinsic motivation. It is based upon physiological states and very natural for the brain to use.

Contextual/Episodic: also known as spatial memory, it is activated by direct association with events, circumstances, or location. It can last for years with moderate review and has unlimited storage capacity. Our brain sorts and stores information based upon whether it is heavily embedded in context or in content. It is effortless and used heavily by everyone. E. Jensen. (1996). Completing the Puzzle.

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