Mathematics
Core Learning Goals

Goal 1

Functions and Algebra:

The student will demonstrate the ability to investigate, interpret, and communicate solutions to mathematical and real-world problems using patterns, functions, and algebra.

Goal 2

Geometry, Measurement, and Reasoning:

The student will demonstrate the ability to solve mathematical and real-world problems using measurement and geometric models and will justify solutions and explain processes used.

Goal 3

Data Analysis and Probability:

The student will demonstrate the ability to apply probability and statistical methods for representing and interpreting data and communicating results, using technology when needed.

1. Expectation: The student will analyze a wide variety of patterns and functional relationships using the language of mathematics and appropriate technology.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• recognize, describe, and extend patterns and functional relationships that are expressed numerically, algebraically, and geometrically.

• represent patterns and functional relationships in a table, as a graph, and/or by mathematical expression.

• add, subtract, multiply, and divide algebraic expressions.

• describe the graph of a non-linear function and discuss its appearance in terms of the basic concepts of maxima and minima (highs and low), roots (zeros), limits (boundaries), rate of change, and continuity.

2. Expectation: The student will model and interpret real-world situations, using the language of mathematics and appropriate technology.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• determine the equation for a line, solve linear equations, and describe the solutions using numbers, symbols, and graphs.

• solve linear inequalities and describe the solutions using numbers, symbols, and graphs.

• solve and describe if and where two straight lines intersect using numbers, symbols, and graphs.

• describe how the graphical model of a non-linear function represents a given problem and will estimate the solution.

• apply formulas and use matrices (arrays of numbers) to solve real-world problems.

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1. Expectation: The student will represent and analyze two- and three-dimensional figures using tools and technology when appropriate.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• describe the characteristics of geometric figures and will construct or draw geometric figures using technology and tools.

• identify and verify properties of geometric figures using concepts from algebra and using the coordinate plane.

• use transformations to move figures, create designs, and demonstrate geometric properties.

• validate properties of geometric figures using appropriate tools and technology.

2. Expectation: The student will apply geometric properties and relationships to solve problems using tools and technology when appropriate.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• identify and verify congruent and similar figures and apply equality or proportionality of their corresponding parts.

• solve problems using two-dimensional figures and/or right-triangle trigonometry.

• identify and use inductive and deductive reasoning.

3. Expectation: The student will apply concepts of measurement using tools and technology when appropriate.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• use algebraic and geometric properties to measure indirectly.

• use techniques of measurement and will estimate, calculate, and compare perimeter, circumference, area, volume, and surface area of two- and three-dimensional figures and their parts. The results will be expressed with appropriate precision.

1. Expectation: The student will collect, organize, analyze, and present data.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• design and/or conduct an investigation that uses statistical methods to analyze data and communicate results.

• use the measures of central tendency and variability (mean, median, mode, range, interquartile range, quartile) to make informed conclusions.

• use simulations or statistical inferences from data to estimate the probability of an event.

2. Expectation: The student will apply the basic concepts of statistics and probability to predict possible outcomes of real-world situations.

a. Indicators:

The student will:

• make informed decisions and predictions based upon the results of simulations and data from research.

• make predictions by finding and using a line of best fit and by using a given curve of best fit.

• communicate the use and misuse of statistics.

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This site was developed by the Department of Staff Development, in collaboration with the Division of Instruction. Questions, comments, and other inquiries may be addressed to Allene Chriest (achriest@pgcps.org) or Jeff Maher  (jmaher@pgcps.org).