Montessori instruction promotes mathematical thinking processes (problem solving, reasoning, communications, and representation) as the mathematics Content Standards of numeration, pre-algebra, geometry, measurement, data, and probability are taught as appropriate for the multi-age levels. Math concepts are introduced and practiced using hands-on activities. Children receive a solid foundation for understanding mathematical principles, and a structured transition from concrete to abstract reasoning and number symbols one to ten. They are exposed to the place value rules of the decimal numeration system through interaction with manipulative math materials. Students use higher-order thinking skills to solve problems in relation to a variety of challenges, from practical money transactions to algebraic relationships; and explore in-depth numbers, properties, simple equations, higher measurement, computer calculation and graphics, geometric proofs, fractions, word problems and pre-algebraic equations.